The Leaders

The American Revolution, the War for Independence, and the Foundation of our country were made possible by a few important leaders. George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and a few other leaders are still studied today and are remembered for creating the United States of America. These great patriots balanced personal ambition, ideology, and personality quirks to unite the country that would become the strongest in the world. The book, Founding Brothers by Joesph Ellis talks about how the leaders collaborated to create a successful country. Founding Brothers is an excellent title because in history books we study the "Founding Fathers" so why the Founding Brothers?
Leadership is the ability to direct, serve, or guide others, a position of power, to be at the forefront. Leaders direct, such as in the continental congress where they must discuss the country’s issues. For example, James Madison was a sedate man with patience and wisdom. He spoke as a leader keeping everyone focused on the topic. He did not yell and he was cool headed. Leaders also lead through the military. For example, George Washington was known and loved throughout his country as being a great commander and courageous when the situation called for it. Without him the Revolution would not have taken place and the outcome would have been different. After the battle at Brooklyn Heights Washington learned that he could never get trapped by the British again. He outlasted the British which enabled the colonial army to win the war. Washington also was able to touch and encourage his men which gave him the personal touch in battle. There are also personality leaders, which many other founding men had. For example, King George once stated that Washington was an indispensable man. This is because he has an indispensable character. Commoners looked to him for wisdom, bravery and guidance. Sam Adams was also a leader before the Revolution. He tried to persuade people to fight against Britain and gain their freedom and independence. Without him the war might not have been fought until later. He was excellent at talking, and getting the people to act. Jefferson was also a great leader during the Revolutionary period. He wrote much of the Declaration of Independence because he was educated and respected. He was responsible for the country's principles which we still live by today. He later became president and was often seen by the public as a great man who was extremely important in "the body" of the country. These men played significant roles in the foundation of our country. These men were at the forefront of the country. They served their country and their people trying to make it better. Furthermore, today when one thinks of a leader they think of someone in power, such as the President of the United States. Leaders usually have strong character and are willing to stand in front of people to express their beliefs. Leaders make rules for others to follow. They also act as a role model for younger generations. At high school, leaders are usually the ones speaking, and expressing their opinion. Their friends look to them for leadership and guidance. On the sports teams the leader is the captain, cheering you when you make a good play and teaching you where you can improve.

The leaders during the Revolution, had different personalities, strengths, weaknesses and did not always agree with each other. Madison was a calm and cautious leader. He was a great orator and was nice, smart, and often seen smiling. "He served as the floor leader of the opposition in the House." Madison was also a man who wanted the job done right. He did not care who got the credit as long as it was done well. Jefferson had ambition and was very intelligent. He wrote the Declaration of Independence in three weeks. Madison and Jefferson often agreed on issues about the country. They both wanted the capital to be in Philadelphia. They were also both from Virginia. Hamilton disagreed with Madison and Jefferson on financial issues. They made the agreement that the capital would be in Philadelphia and that Hamilton was in charge of financial issues. After the war there was a lot of debt to pay off so Hamilton wanted the federal government to take the debt from each state. This idea would mean that each state would want the federal government to succeed because they all had money in the government. In addition, Benjamin Franklin played a huge part in history and during the revolution, earning him the pen name of Historicus. Franklin helped convince the French to fight as allies with the Americans during the American Revolution. Franklin also was passionate about abolishing slavery. Along with Washington, Franklin was one of the most famous men in America. He and Washington were like the untouchables. They were such patriots and were loved and known by everyone that to attack them publicly would be the quickest way to commit public suicide. Furthermore, after Washington resigned from president after his second term, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson, ran for election against each other. Both men had been friends for a long time, although they had different political views. Adams was willing to communicate and continue to be friends with Jefferson even though they were running against each other. "In the Adams scheme, intimacy trumped ideology.For Jefferson, ideology trumped intimacy." One issue that these men disagreed on was that "Adams learned that Jefferson was unwilling to join the cabinet and that neither Jefferson nor Madison was willing to be part of the peace delegation to France." Jefferson and Adams separated for a time after Adams won the presidential election. Before they died (about 5 hours apart) they were friends again.

The Title of the book Founding Brothers, is a unique title that was chosen to describe the relationship among the leaders who were the foundation for our country. Today we often study the founding fathers so why would the book be named the Founding Brothers? Many of the leaders such as Hamilton, Washington, Franklin, Madison, and Adams knew each other and needed to work together to form a successful, long lasting government. A brotherhood is "an association of men united in a common interest" (Webster's New World Dictionary). When brothers fight they usually work it out, or deal with it. For example, Hamilton hated Burr and Jefferson but when the time came Hamilton sided with Jefferson. This is because Burr was unpredictable, changing direction and opinion to please others. And although Hamilton did not agree with Jefferson, at least Jefferson had strong, unchanging ideas. Madison and Jefferson usually saw eye to eye and worked together to help the country. Many of these men, although they had personal ambitions, and despite their different personalities and backgrounds were willing to compromise for the good of the country. Because of the ingenuity and determination of these men the United States is known as a free and independent country.

Exam Essay; Thanks French

The French should receive more recognition for their invaluable help in the defeat of the British during the American Revolution. The French’s naval ships won the Revolution for the Americans. Before the French entered the war, the seas were controlled by the British, giving them a huge advantage over the Americans. The British ships provided supplies for the British as well as an escape route for the British if the army needed help.

In 1763, the French were defeated by the British in what is known as the Seven Years War. Even before the French and their fleet entered the American Revolution they were sending money and supplies secretly to the American colonies. Furthermore, with Ben Franklin's' persuasions and Washington's victory at the battle of Saratoga the French finally decided to enter the war as allies with the Americans. In February of 1778 The Treaty of Alliance with France was signed and money and supplies started to come into America.

Many battles were fought during the Revolution without France's help although the last significant battle of the American Revolution was the battle of Yorktown. With the aid from the French and their ships the Americans were able to be victorious. The British commander, Cornwallis had taken his men to Yorktown because it was easy to gain supplies from his ships because water surrounded three sides of their land location. Washington tricked the British ships and another British army making them think that the colonial army was heading to New York when really Washington was taking his men to surround the British commander, Cornwallis in Yorktown.

The Navel battle known as the Battle of Chesapeake, took place on September 5, 1781. This naval battle was between Rear-Admiral Sir Thomas Graves, the captain of the British fleet composed of 19 ships and the French fleet composed of 24 ships, led by Rear-Admiral Comte de Grasse. The French fleet coming from the West Indies arrived at the Chesapeake Bay first, giving them a positional advantage. This also prevented the resupplyment of troops and supplies to the British land armies. The French and British fighting against the wind, fought against each other side by side. Some of the British ships were leaking badly and the miscommunication between Graves and his ships allowed the French's naval fleet to be victorious.

(http://xenophongroup.com/mcjoynt/marine.htm)
On land, Washington and his 1600 men dug trenches for protection against British cannon fire and bullets. In 12 hours Washington and his men had fired about 3600 cannons. With the aid of the French general Rochambeau and his men, this continual attack wore out the British. Since the French had prevented Cornwallis and his troops from getting supplies (gun powder and cannon balls) eventually the British were forced to surrender.

Today, this military tactic is known as "shock and awe". In the Iraq war, the United States bombed Iraq continually for a long period of time. This constant attack caused the Iraq people to become less passionate about fighting against a large super power, such as the United States. "Limited bombing began on 19 March 2003 as United States forces unsuccessfully attempted to kill Saddam Hussein. Attacks continued against a small number of targets until 21 March 2003, when at 1700 UTC the main bombing campaign of the Coalition began. Its forces launched approximately 1700 air sorties (504 using cruise missiles)." (Shock and awe, Wikipedia)

The French’s navy led to the American victory. The French provided money, clothes, troops, weaponry, and most importantly ships. The French not only aided with money but they also agreed to help at the perfect time. The year before this battle, Washington’s army suffered many deaths from disease, the men were getting tired of running/fighting and their year for serving in the army was almost over. The men were in a depressed state with little hope. The French’s alliance encouraged the Americans and gave them the support and assistance that they needed to finally defeat the British. Furthermore, at the British surrender, Cornwallis' second in command Henry Clinton, tried to give a sword to the French general, Rochambeau . By taking this action the British were saying that Washington and his men had not defeated him but the French had with their land army as well as their navy ships. The Americans did not produce the arms or the gunpowder needed to fight against the British. Before the French entered the war Britain was defeating the Americans, and was controlling the seas. This gave the British an escape route if they needed. Once the French agreed to help aid the Americans the Americans were relieved. They now had the courage, strength, supplies, and troops which they had lost due to disease and the brutal winter.

Without the French our way of life today, may not have existed.

The French were Essential

The French played a very significant role in helping aid the Americans to defeat Britain in the American Revolution. The French’s naval ships won the Revolution for the Americans. Before French entered the war, the seas were controlled by the British, giving them a huge advantage over the Americans. The British ships provided supplies for the British as well as an escape root for the British if the army needed help.

The last significant battle of the American Revolution was the battle of Yorktown. The British commander had taken his men to Yorktown because it was easy to gain supplies from his ships because water surrounded three sides of their land location. Washington tricked the British ships and another British army making them think that Washington and his men were heading to New York when really he was taking him men to surround the British commander, Cornwallis in Yorktown. Furthermore, Washington had learned that Ben Franklin had been in France trying to convince the King to aid the Americans in battle. After the American victory at Saratoga, the French agreed to help Washington. So with the aid of General Rochambeau and his Frenchmen as well as the navy they advanced to Yorktown. The French Navy had control of the Chesapeake Bay preventing the British ships from helping aid the British. Washington and his 1600 men dug trenches for protection against British cannon fire and bullets. In 12 hours Washington and his men had fired about 3600 cannons. This continual attack wore out the British. Soon the British ran out of supplies (gun powder and cannon balls) and were forced to surrender.

This military tactic is still used today. In the Iraq war, the United States bombed Iraq continually for a long period of time. This constant attack caused the Iraq people to become less passionate about fighting against a large super power, such as the United States.

The French’s navy led to the American victory. The French provided money, clothes, troops, weaponry, and most importantly ships. The French not only aided with money but they also agreed to help at the perfect time. The year before this battle, Washington’s’ army suffered large deaths from disease, the men were getting tired of running/fighting and their year for serving in the army was almost over. The men were in a depressed state with little hope. The French’s’ alliance encouraged the Americans.

Furthermore, at the British surrender the generals second in command tried to give a sword to the French’s’ general. By taking this action the British were saying that Washington and his men had not defeated him but the French had with their land army as well as there navy ships.

Propaganda

http://colonialencouragement.blogspot.com/

The French- (Thanks guys)

How did the French help aid the Americans in the last significant battle of the American Revolution; the Battle of Yorktown?

I will talk a little bit about the Americans before the french enter (ex: disease, discouraged, etc.) I will also talk about what the french gave the Americans (ex: naval battle, ammunition, etc.) Finally, I'll talk about the battle of Yorktown- why that battle is important and what took place at the battle.

RAA!!! Freedom!!

I plan to draw pictures of the past.. I want to get the colonies to fight. To encourage and motivate them. I want my pictures to be touching and for people to "feel something when they see them." I plan to create a blog with my pictures and write some other encouraging, motivation sayings. That way I would enjoy drawing the pictures I could think about "sybolizism" and the importance of little things such as face expressions. I would put it on my blog so a large meda can see it and perhaps use it if need be.

LET YOUR VOICE BE HEARD...GO VOTE!!

For our Propagana project.
I will be working with Angela and Kaylee. Our idea right now is to present by presentation (video; recorded by Kaylee.) That way our ideas would be able to be seen by many people and hopefully would presuade them. Our theme or idea is to get people to vote. We would do this by Angela and I debating about present day issues such as abortion and gay marriage. We will end our debate by saying something like "It's your choice you make the vote." (Go Vote)

George Washington

“The First"
Today, many people, whether they are highly educated or not, know who George Washington is and why he’s affiliated with the foundation of our independent country. George Washington’s character, actions and experiences made him a well known and well liked celebrity during the 1700’s.
On February 11, 1732, in a farm in Virginia, the future president of the United States was born. He carried the name of George Washington. George’s ancestors had settled in Virginia almost a hundred years prior to his birth; this gave the family a respected place in the society. The family’s talents were diverse ranging from farming and trading to milling and the iron industry. This allowed George to become diverse in his skills and abilities. He was strong from working in the fields. In addition, even at a young age Washington had the desire for wealth and fame. He was willing to work hard to earn wealth and fame. George’s mentor was his half brother, Lawrence; they traveled to the West Indies together where George got smallpox, which had lasting effects on his face. One might assume that fighting in battles was not his first time facing dangerous obstacles. Furthermore, George’s early experience as a surveyor, gave him an appreciation of the west and of its vast beauty. He also acquired land and learned how to survive in the wilderness. Wilderness survival takes bravery and courage both of which are needed in the field of battle. In the early 1750’s, Virginia’s governor Robert Dinwiddie sent young George Washington to declare Britain’s claim on the upper half of the Ohio Valley. The French refused to give it up peacefully and George returned to Williamsburg to deliver the message. He also wrote a report telling vivid winter tales about his wilderness adventures. These stories were the start of his recognition and reputation. Later George commanded an expedition to guard the British fort at the desired forks of Ohio. About 50 miles southeast of the fort, young George Washington and his men attacked French detachments. This event in history started the French and Indian war. After attacking and killing 9 Frenchmen, George went to Fort Necessity where he surrendered to the French and returned disarmed to Virginia. After the news of his defeat spread he was released from his position and went as a voluntary aide-de-camp, to the Monongahela River where the General Edward Braddock suffered a surprise attack. This voluntary act to return to war and not quit demonstrates that he isn’t scared and is loyal. During this time of battle, George inspired the men. His bravery under the attack spread to nearby colonies and farther making him a celebrity. The Virginia governor appointed him colonel of the Virginia troops and in charge of defending the frontier. “Although George was still young and lacking experience, he learned quickly, meeting the problems of recruitment, supply, and desertions with a combination of brashness and native ability that earned him the respect of his superiors” (George Washington, 1).
“In 1758 he took an active part in Gen. John Forbes's successful campaign against Fort Duquesne. From his correspondence during these years, Washington can be seen evolving from a brash, vain, and opinionated young officer, impatient with restraints and given to writing admonitory letters to his superiors, to a mature soldier with a grasp of administration and a firm understanding of how to deal effectively with civil authority” (George Washington, 1). Once appointed colonel “Washington drilled his rough and often unsoldierly recruits, stationed them at frontier posts, settled disputes, struggled to maintain order and discipline, labored to procure supplies and to get them transported, strove to have his men paid promptly and provided with shelter and medical care, sought support from the Virginia government, and kept it informed. His command trained him in the management of self-willed men, familiarized him with the leaders of Virginia, and schooled him in the rugged politics of a vigorous society” (Encyclopedia Americana, 4). Resigning his commission in 1758, George retired to Mount Vernon with his wife, Martha Dandridge and her two children. During this time he grew tobacco. Soon he grew tired of Britain forcing him to buy certain products, selling his goods at low prices, and having his crop get damaged on shipboard. He produced less tobacco and he imported cloth, increased his production of wheat, and developed a fishery. This transition proved that he identified with the members of the colonies because he was also suffering from the harsh British rules. George promoted reforms to get rid of soil-exhausting practices. He also wanted to improve the quality of his livestock, experiment with crop-rotation and fertilizers. “In 1754, he served as an agent of the claimants in locating and surveying tracks” (Encyclopedia Americana, 4). WHAT DOES THIS LAST QUOTE MEAN? WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY INCLUDING IT?
“As a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses for 17 years he opposed the Stamp Act (imposed crushing taxes on the colonies) and the Townshend Act (required taxes on tea, paper, lead, glass, and painter’s colors). George Washington was chairman of a meeting at Alexandria in July and he was elected one of the delegates to the First Continental Congress” (Encyclopedia Americana, 4).This congress acted like a government which resisted British rule. Many of his reforms helped make him a celebrity as well as his battles and the bravery, courage, and loyalty that he demonstrated during the dangerous, exhausting battles. George spent the summer organizing troops who would fight against the British. He was a natural leader and was willing to do the “dirty work” to accomplish his goal of winning and being a great leader. In 1775, Washington appeared at the Second Congress in uniform. There he expressed his support to Massachusetts and his willingness and readiness to fight against Britain. On June 15, George Washington was unanimously elected general and commander in chief.
Washington was a religious man with very high morals and wisdom, some of which he wrote in “his rules of civility.” One of his rules which he used throughout his life was to “associate yourself with men of good quality if you esteem your own reputation, for it is better to be alone than in bad company.” This rule implies that Washington was willing to stand alone. Like many other great leaders he was willing to take a stand for the rights of himself and others.
George Washington was a celebrity. His strong character and clear morals allowed him to speak against the unfair British rule. He was known for his strength, bravery, and loyalty. He went through the hardships and frustrations like others so he was able to relate to them and stand for the freedom of the colonies. Unlike celebrities today, Washington was able to relate to the people and speak for them against “a foreign power.” Celebrities today are well known like Washington but don’t have a specific interest in the individual’s cares and concerns. Washington was a general who was brave and strong in the face of danger. He supported his troops and did not give up. Today celebrities have the talent to entertain us whether it is through comedy, singing, athletics, or acting. Celebrities today have talents but they don’t need to be brave or loyal to accomplish their fame. In contrast, Washington used his qualities to accomplish his goals and help many people and colonies around him. Furthermore, celebrities also are role models for the youths. George Washington would also be a good role model because he was such a great leader; he was strong, wise, brave, reliable, and responsible. He demonstrates many of these qualities in battle. Documents have been written that state that Washington had his horse shot out from under him many time and bullets whizzing by yet he persisted with his mission.
George Washington was loved by the hearts of his fellow countrymen for his leadership and his personality. He increased in ranks and voiced his opinion on important issues from fighting to being taxed. He stands out today as a timeless man who played an important part in the foundation of our independent United States of America. What would our country be like today if it had not been for a leader willing to take a stand for what’s right?

“A great oak is just a crazy nut that stood its ground.”
“First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.”

Bibliography:
1. http://ap.grolier.com/article?assetid=0410800-00
2. http://sc94.ameslab.gov/TOUR/gwash.html
3. Our Country’s Founders by: William J. Bennett

George Washington

How did George Washington play a part in the Revolution and the French and Indian War? I plan to talk about George Washingtons life; as well as his involvement in the french and indian war and the revolution. I also want to talk about his strategies and whether they were similar in the wars. I want to compare his character to mine, and provide insight as to him importance in our country.

The World's impact

The way teens act and dress are greatly influenced by their friends, peer pressure, and TV. The TV and the items that are sold and adveritized in stores shape our physical appearence as well as our attitude. Recently walking around the stores have become a frustrating, and desturbing process. It's difficult to find a variety of modest, confortable, and attractive clothing. TV's may adveritize to attract teens but for example showing "the perfect figure" or "sex" makes some teens think that it's ok, or you won't fit in and be accepted unless you look like that or do that. Many things that are adveritized that are accepted by teens are really harmful in the long run.

Weapons of Privilege

The term “Weapons of Privilege” was often been affiliated with white people. For example, white people have been the “masters” over the black slaves. Being white gives people more opportunities and a higher education. White people have not only felt superior to the black people but also to Native Americans and any one else who is different from them. The weapons of privilege for example, allow a white person to get a job over someone who perhaps is more capable but who is black. The weapons of privilege enable a white person to get a high paying job, power over others, and a higher education.
White people should not be ashamed of their skin color, nor should blacks. White people should stand up to their fellow men and prevent other whites from hurting, abusing, and taking advantage of blacks. White people need to stand up for equality and what’s right and defend our citizens even if they are different from us. There are still people who want the freedom that America offers.
During the exploration of the New World this term “weapons of privilege” can also be applied. When first thinking about the European invasion on the Native Americans one would think of the superior weapons that were used on the Native Americans compared to their bows and arrows. The Europeans were much more advanced in technology and knowledge. That privilege allowed them to fight, trade, and dominate over the Native Americans. Disease and epidemics of smallpox and other diseases wiped out over half of the Native American population. These diseases destroyed their way of life and left the Native American survivors confused, depressed, and alone. The Europeans were immune to these deadly diseases because they had been around them for so long.
We live in a society today that is shaped by history. Weapons of privilege allow certain people to excel over others. This could be through a higher paying job and higher education opportunities. This idea can’t be changed because the skin color we are born with can’t be. What we can do is help others who are different and less fortunate, by speaking on their behalf or by taking a beating with them.

American-What's that mean?

Americans is a term used in our everyday life but does anyone really know what it means? When thinking about America people think of freedom, the ability to stand and express what you believe in. The United States of American the wealthiest country in the world.Americans are people born in America or are immigrants who have come in legally and are considered a U.S. citizen. Years ago when the "New land" or America began flowing with people from across the world many of them were not accepted. They were different in appearance and had different cultures compared to the people who were already inhabiting the land. Eventually their culture and way of life became accepted. Many people from across the world have "melted" together to form the successful United States of America as we know it today. Although, there are some groups who have not melted or been accepted into our desirable way of life. Native Americans were wiped out when European settlers arrived on this rich soil. Native Americans where thought to be nature lovers, naive, simple, and "perfect" others felt that they were barbaric and nomads. There way of life was so different from the Europeans "right" way of life, that people looked down upon them. They did not want to be affiliated with "savages." African Americans were also greatly tortured and looked down upon. Mainly because they were different they had black skin and were slaves. They were "low life’s." No one wanted to be affiliated with them, so Americans separated themselves by calling themselves white. This "whiteness" allowed you to be educated and rulers over the black workers. Due to these wrong, unfair, and cruel ideas of the past many people who are Native American or African American have not forgotten their harsh past and what their ancestors did to live in what is now a free, rich country.

Viewpoints about others make you feel better about the choices/ideas you make about them?

The Indians were destroyed by the Europeans. Due to the lack of Indians people and histories gained the little knowledge that missionaries, traders, explorers, and colonists. Many of these people had skewed the information whether they spoke about the Indians as overly kind or totally barbaric. The European explorers came and “took over” the Indians. The Europeans were Christian and many of them had moral character. The Europeans tried to make themselves feel better by telling everyone that the Indians who they attacked and destroyed were not acting in moral conduct, were totally barbaric, or just roamed the land instead of inhabited the land. By making the Indians different from the Europeans they did not feel as bad or were in the wrong for wiping out almost an entire race.
Many histories have studied the documents, location, and lifestyles of the Indians. One historian claims that the Indians just roamed the land and were not real farmers. While another disproved that statement by saying that in one incident between the Indians and Europeans the Europeans were survived the winter only because of the food and crops that the Indians gave them. This proves that the Indians farmed and maintained the land. Another historian stated that in order for a man to get married he must kill and scalp and enemy. This was also disproved because if every man killed an enemy the population would eventually be extirpated. These ideas were the common accepted ideas for a long time. These “barbaric” and false ideas helped the Europeans feel “ok” about taking land from the Indians. Furthermore, if the Indians are ignored people begin creating false statements about their culture and the way they live. Just like these ideas mentioned previously.
The Europeans and the Indians could be compared to the white and black in the American society. The Europeans felt they were supreme over the Indians therefore, they tried to convert or change the Indians into what they felt was right. The whites felt that they were supreme to the blacks. This gave them the right to have more opportunities and to kill the blacks. Throughout history people or cultures have attacked and destroyed people who are different then them, whether it’s because they feel supreme over them or don’t like the difference. If a group of people feel that they are the most advanced or right they are willing to fight against those who are “less supreme.” Examples include the Indians and the Europeans and the whites and the blacks. One common theme is that they treat other people different because feel supreme and right.
These ideas have caused a great friction among people. We look and act different around people who are different from us. Many times we try to help and teach them our advanced way of life even if they don’t want it. We also try to explain why and how they are different spreading stories and ideas that eventually become taught and accepted.

Tree Stand Town

Dixmont, Maine is a rural town. Dixmont has beautiful landscapes, views, and wildlife, and what better place to view these amazing creations than from your quiet, peaceful tree stand. That is why I have chosen my tree stand. Tree stands are devices that are placed in trees for a better view and to enable people to stay hidden from wary wildlife. My tree stand is located in a remote area in the woods looking over trails and an old tote road. Tree stands are a good representation of Dixmont because the town is located is in the country and has many hills, and not much of traffic.
Tree stands are significant and used often in the little town of Dixmont. Whether people hunt or not, many of them have friends, relatives, or acquaintances that do hunt and own a tree stand. Tree stands also can be an escape route for people who are dealing with hard issues or are depressed. It gives people the opportunity to think, relax, and enjoy the beautiful gifts that God has given us. Furthermore, many other towns are loud, with traffic, and unfriendly neighbors who live close to you. Dixmont isn’t. It is quiet, peaceful, relaxing. We have space between our neighbors, many fields, homes, and hills that we can see while driving that make residents glad they live in Dixmont. Tree stands are an excellent way of portraying that peace and happiness.
My tree stand is significant because its location intercepts the deer paths between their food and their bedding areas. It is near where I first gutted out my deer. I’ll have memories of this for the rest of my life, and photos that captured my facial expressions while gutting it out. This stand is also where my family have seen and shot deer. The area around the stand has been carefully scouted. This stand is a double stand meaning that dad and I can both fit in the tree stand. It has camouflage material covering the outside so we are unnoticed by deer and other wildlife.
For my local project I plan to interview at least two people. First, I will interview my dad because he scouted the area; he knows the trees, and the deer patterns. He also takes me on many of my hunting experiences. Second, I want to interview my neighbor, Greg Maher because he is a retired game warden. He respects, and enjoys nature and has his own tree stand. I feel he can give me some excellent descriptions about the importance of forests, hunting, and tree stands. In addition, I want to have a model of the stand and the area around it. I also plan to take pictures of the area, my stand, any nearby deer, turkey sign, and of gutting my first deer out near the stand. Furthermore, if possible I want to have my spring turkey hunt filmed to show the adrenalin rush and the excitement of the moment. These reasons and more have made me come to the conclusion that a/my tree stand is a good choice to represent Dixmont.

The Other Americans' Way of Life

According to Joseph Campbell, there are four major functions of myths. These four major functions of myths shaped the way people across the globe react to situations and other people. Mystical function helps the individual to realize the wonder of the universe. Scientific function reveals the names and purposes of objects/organisms and shows the shape of the universe. Sociological function demonstrates the roles of men, women, leaders, and common people. Teaching function shows how to live a human life under circumstances, how to be a “great” person under stress, fear, power, etc. These four functions of myths and stories have been around for thousands of years affecting people from Indians, Europeans, to the American citizens of today.
Indians have been taught how to live and react to objects and individuals through stories about the great spirits and the beginning of creation. For example, in many traditional oral stories there are stories about trickery and slyness. For the Indians the symbolic animal was a coyote and for Christians it was a serpent. Furthermore, the mystical function for Indians is best related in the belief in a sacred power: “the idea that everything in the universe was interconnected and possessed a spiritual force or energy that could affect the lives of ‘the people’ and all living things. Gaining power and the aid of powerful beings was absolutely vital: for success in hunting, plentiful crops, good health, thriving children and victory in battle” (The Earth Shall Weep 24). This culture and way of life makes the Indians feel connected with other members in their tribe. For example, if you have an adversary in the same tribe you don’t react by killing them because their spirit, like your own, is sacred. Also, the tribe is like a family; they hunt, trap, eat, and communicate together. Having the idea and belief that all objects and animals are sacred also ensures that there won’t be an overabundant amount of wildlife killed. After killing animals Indians pray to the spirits, thanking the spirit for giving it life for them.
The idea that the Earth would stay the same and that the Indian people have purpose comes from the second myth which is scientific function. According to the Indians all objects and animals have sacred spirits. Indians or the “first people” are considered the “spiritual masters (or keepers or owners) who controlled the game on which hunters depended for food. Killing a deer or a partridge did not in itself reduce the stock of game, because the animals really did not die. The animals simply went back to its original home. But if game was killed in the wrong way or without proper ritual or if the meat was treated disrespectfully, wasted or not shared generously among the whole group, then the animal masters would become angry and withhold food in the future” (The Earth Shall Weep 25). Furthermore, Indians walked the same path and reenacted Wounded Knee to release the spirits of the dead. This idea that the spirits and ancestors that had already passed were walking with them implies that the Earth and the location that this “battle” took place has not changed much. The Indians’ idea of life is a circular line meaning that there is no end. “For Indians the “past” means preeminently, closer to the originating source of things” (The Primal Religions 236).
The third function of myths, which is the sociological function, gives the Indians a sense of order and hierarchy in the tribe. The elders in each tribe are greatly respected; they have a lot of wisdom and experiences that can be passed down through oral stories and dances. Men and women also had very different roles in their tribes. For example, men were responsible for hunting and for catching the food. Men were good hunters and knew the land around them well. Women were responsible for cooking, cleaning, agricultural crops, and taking care of the children.
The teaching function is the fourth myth. The teaching function shows how to live one’s life under hard circumstances. Rituals and ceremonies were common in Indians lives. “Rituals were usually the gift of a benign deity who had brought it to ‘the people’ in the beginning, or it was acquired by a cultural hero on a journey to some other dimension or level of reality. By following the prescribed instructions, ‘the people’ were able to secure the favor and assistance of powerful spiritual forces. Their rituals not only regulated their own relationship with the sacred and with other living beings but also ensured that the whole natural order was properly maintained” (The Earth Shall Weep 25). The Indians’ way of life and culture were based on religion and the sacred power of everyone and everything around them. If there was a lack of food or the people were going through hard times it was because someone had made the spirits mad, by killing an animal the wrong way, being selfish or other ways.
During the early 1500’s, Indians were exposed to the Europeans. These people were very different from the Indians although they both had an important religion. Indians and Europeans alike both had ways to “please” or talk to the “spirits.” For the Indians it was through rituals and dances, for the Europeans it was through attending church and prayer. Furthermore, their ideas about time were also different. For the Indians it was circular time meaning that there was no end and that people could “walk” with the spirits from generations that had come before them. This shaped their lives. Because there was no end they were not working on improving themselves or others around them. They were concerned with maintaining the perfect land and by being the fair owners of all the wildlife that the spirits had given them. For Europeans their “timeline” was linear meaning there was a beginning and an end. They felt that they were sinful and needed to repent to God. Throughout time Europeans improved to try to get better through inventions and practices of faith. This difference in perception of time can be seen in the way that both these cultures live their lives. For example, to the Europeans, they were hundreds of years ahead of the Indians because of their inventions and ideas about science and the truth. The Europeans were born into a sinful life and wanted to improve it. For the Indians they felt that they were already in the perfect “garden of Eden” and wanted to simply maintain it.
The conflict between the Europeans and the Indians was inevitable. As technology increased and ships got better, more and more people would want to expand, explore, and claim new lands. If Columbus had not landed in America someone else eventually would have. The United States does this today. Although they were settled in the country they still wanted to explore “unknown worlds” such as space. They spend millions of dollars to travel to the moon and other planets, placing “their mark” the flag of the United States on them. In addition, people are greedy and want the best for themselves. People often take the “candy from the baby.” If it’s easy and they want it they take it. The Indians were not prepared or equip with inventions to defend themselves. They also did not have the cure for the deadly diseases that the Europeans brought from overseas. America was unsettled (with the exception of the Indians) and lumber, gold and other valuable items that would increase the economy. Violence was also inevitable. The Europeans wanted the land and the valuable resources. The Indians had lived on and maintained the land for a long time. They were not going to give their land, homes, and families up with out a fight.
Some might believe that violence was not inevitable. They feel that the two opposing sides could have communicated better and accepted the other’s land and ideas, and then they could have lived together. The Indians did not want war. They gave the Europeans gifts and showed them some of their way of life. They traded with each other which allowed the Europeans to gain valuables and they taught the Indians how to talk and dress like the Europeans. Although this idea is accepted by some it’s wrong, violence was inevitable. The Europeans wanted the land and the valuables that were on the land. People want the best for themselves and when it came to the Europeans they had the weapons/diseases to wipe out almost an entire race to get the money and power they wanted.
From studying the religion and culture of the Europeans and the Indians I have realized that many Americans including myself have adopted some of the religion and ideas of the Europeans. We have learned about the common Indian belief although we don’t practice it as our own in the United States. We have adopted the “invaders” way of life. The Europeans (invaders) were our descendants. We accept and live by what they taught us and what was passed down to us as children, even though other religions and ideas such as that of the Indians surround us. Today, we realize that other people have different beliefs. Like the Europeans we try to change them to what we believe is the right way and the truth. Furthermore, by having stories and myths passed down through generations not only connects people together but it also provides guidelines to live by. The myths help teach you how to live and how to react in various situations.

Would YOU be silent?

I realize that many people have different morals and values than I do although I can't accept that. If you love someone as a family member or a friend you want the best for them right? Of course, so I want to share my beliefs and morals with other people. Not because they are necessarily my beliefs but because they are what God wants. If someone doesn’t love and ask God into their heart even if they do good works on earth how can they go to heaven? They can't. So, for example, if one of my friends is gay or of a different faith how can I stay silent about it? If I feel that they are not going to go to heaven and experience the same joy that I do, why not talk to them? It is difficult to watch my friends and family suffer from a cold or other illness, so how can I watch as my friends live "worldly lives" and have not accepted Christ as their lord and savior when I know in my heart that they are going to suffer forever? I can't accept that and I want to tell more and more people how great God's love is for them. If you had the greatest truth in the world that could change so many lives what would you do with it? ...I can't be quiet when I know the truth... How do I know it's the truth? Look out the window. You see trees, flowers, grass, birds, and so many other creatures. How do you explain them or you? Where did you come from? Could unicellular bacteria develop into such a complex creature as you? - It takes more faith to believe in evolution than a God who designed and created the universe. "With Christ all things are possible." He will never leave you. He's there as a father and a friend... he wants you to love and to accept him into your heart. Whether you believe what I said above or not, if you had a best friend and you knew that he was going to suffer forever would you be quiet and watch him do the things that he does when you knew in your heart that he could be happy and filled with love? Would YOU be silent if you knew the truth?

Do you want greatness or success?

The society and the world today values success. If a person has an important job, a lot of money, and a nice suit, they are considered successful. Many people who are successful have thrived and pushed through difficult situations, and have gained wealth, fame or status. Greatness comes from an individual’s character and values.
Overall, successful people are envied by others who want the same money or fame that they have. Although many famous people and politicians are successful in the human eye, they are not great. Politicians are known for being liars, cheaters, and dishonest people. Other famous people don’t have the “ordinary” life that “normal” people have. For example, they are always followed by the news and by fans. They may have money/ fame but they are missing out on deep relationships with their family and friends.
Greatness is about the “insides.” It’s not about having money or fame, it’s about having love and being there for people when they are suffering or they need your support. Many great people have suffered, but their setback did not prevent them from pursuing their goals and their love for others. Great people can be poor and yet be happier than the wealthiest or most famous person. They have love and friendship and can influence others. They get joy from helping others even if they have to sacrifice their time and energy. Furthermore, great people stand up for what they believe no matter how much they are criticized, or hated by others. They have character, and are willing to take a chance to help others. “Today’s mighty oak is just yesterday’s nut that held its ground” (Unknown).
In the Bible, Moses was a great person. He stood up against the pharaoh and through God’s power convinced the Egyptian ruler to let the Israelite slaves go. He led them safely away from pharaoh. Moses believed God and although he was not a good speaker, or the most patient man, because of his obedience to God he is one of the most remembered characters in the Bible. His greatness comes from the fact that he stood up for what he believed in even though he could have been executed. In conclusion, great people stand up for their beliefs and in many cases, such as Moses, change history, or influence many people who come in contact with them. Successful people may have money but do they have what really matters?—love, peace, and joy?

Autumn: 2009 Honors History- Wounded Knee

January 29, 2007
Wounded Knee was an obvious victory for the 7th cavalry of the United States Army. Years after the slaughter of Indian men, women, and children, American citizens questioned whether December 29, 1890 was a battle between Indians and the United States or whether it was a massacre. Should people change the language that was used hundreds of years ago? First of all, changing the language would change the way history is interpreted. For example, a massacre is a slaughter. At the battle of Wounded Knee, American soldiers slaughtered helpless men, women, and children. A battle would be “a fight usually a large scale engagement, between armed forces” (Webster’s New World Dictionary, 120). From the known facts that have been accumulated one would analyze the “battle” to actually be a massacre of the Indians.
Changing the language also deals with being politically correct. Many people today disagree about whether Indians should be called Indians, Native Americans or called by their tribal name. Being politically correct destroys history. For example, Christopher Columbus named the Indians the “Indioes” because he thought he had landed in India. By changing the name to Native American a person is excluding the fact and detail that Columbus had anticipated finding India. So, in thousands of years people won’t remember that “Indioes” was a name given to the Indians by Christopher Columbus. This name helps people to put the story together. By changing the name people are excluding the fact that for hundreds of years they were called Indians. Furthermore, historians may not have all the facts when deciding to change the name of some great, monumental, event in history.
Today, people want to be politically correct and say “happy holidays” rather than the traditional “Merry Christmas.” Not only is this “political way” offensive to many Christians but it also gets away from the principles of our founding fathers. Being politically correct as I mentioned earlier gets away from history and what founded the United States of America. This country is based on Christianity and yet many people want to exclude “under God” from the Pledge of Alliance and take “In God we trust” off our money. Americans try to satisfy everyone’s opinions by changing seemingly small details. People have added different languages such as Spanish on signs and labels. They also try to change the names of groups of people. The choices and decisions that we make now will affect history, our children and generations to come.

Religion's Impact and Change Through History

Due: January 17, 2007

Religion has influenced society and has changed throughout history. During the Renaissance, humanism flourished, resulting in a changed art style. Art changed from depicting a single, powerful God to aspects of pagan religions. The Reformation occurred after the Renaissance, and lasted for about a century. During this time Martin Luther, a German monk, posted the 95 theses, which stated that the way the church practiced their religion was incorrect. This idea led to the division of the Catholic Church. During the scientific Revolution; technology, inventions and human improvement began to grow and expand. The age of reason, dealt with people trying to create a stable government and system without God as the leader or the overseer. The age of enlightenment, dealt with a new religion known as deism, where their followers believed there was a God but they felt that the Bible was flawed. The Industrial Revolution was when countries competed for the greatest minds and tried to have the most advanced technology. Furthermore, the French Revolution left the country in chaos until Napoleon took power. Today, religion is an optional decision that an individual makes.

During the Renaissance period, which lasted for over two centuries many people changed from relying on God for everything to a humanistic viewpoint. Humanism is defined as a belief that humans are capable of greatness and are able to thrive without God. Humanism shaped art to what it has become today. During the Renaissance people began to question and change their styles of art. The humanistic view allowed for artists to create according to their own vision instead of a divine being. They began to paint Jesus as a mere man; suckling off Mary as a baby. They spoke and painted pictures of him suffering like a mere man, and not as the healer, and the God that he was. Titian, Leonardo Davinci and other great artists during the Renaissance changed styles from the divine, holy paintings and paintings of bible scenes and stories to landscapes, picnics, and everyday human activity. Their art became more diverse and their painting styles changed. Although art has broadened greatly there are some downfalls to this new humanistic view that is seen through art. Art affects humans in a variety of ways. For example, if there is a sad picture with dark, dull colors the viewer may become depressed. The idea of not having to worship or live your life for God is shown through art and having that is a basis for change. People slowly began to stray from the original beliefs. Previously everyone went to church and did their best to live for and rely on God. The citizens followed the rule of the pope and obeyed him no matter what he said. The church still had great power at this time of long lasting change. The Bonfire of the Vanities was a great bonfire they destroyed all artists’ paintings that went against the Catholic faith of the time. Artists were forced to bring and burn their own paintings at the fire. This fire proved that the Catholic Church at this time still had great power and ruled over the people through faith.

The Reformation and the Counter Reformation lasted about a century. Before this time the Catholic Church had great power for many years. This could be because the church was the only thing that united the Romans after the Germanic invasions. The church was also wealthy and had the religious power because the pope could excommunicate individuals. Before Martin Luther and the religious reformation there was primarily one Christian faith: Catholic. Martin Luther posted the 95 theses, which stated the ways that the church was corrupt. "The Roman Catholic Church set itself up to be the mediator between God and man instead of Jesus” (pastor, radio). The Catholic Church resisted change and outlawed Luther from the Church and country. Luther’s motivation to stand out was because of his conviction that he was speaking the truth. People began to question and realize that the church was wrong and corrupt. Martin Luther’s stand in the 1500’s caused the church to split and practice their religion in a slightly different manner. By the time the religious reformation had ended various religions other than Catholic had formed. Without humanism and the thought that humans can control and change their lives on earth, the change in artistic styles and other dramatic changes would not have occurred. Humanism was fuel for the reformation because people began to take their lives into their own hands. People began to question if the Catholic Church was right and whether the faith that they had practiced all their life was correct. They began to watch other religious groups and argue or be skeptical about their faith.

During the Scientific Revolution people began to adopt humanism and rely on their inventions and ideas instead of God. With the improvement of science people began to observe and believe in documented evidence instead of a God. Galileo was one of the first well known men to question Aristotle and argue against the church. Galileo’s willingness to argue against the Catholic Church led many people to study and question what was already known. “The scientific revolutionaries attempted to understand and explain man and the natural world” (historyguide.org, 1). Galileo’s theory showed the Catholic Church that people were beginning to question and try to challenge the church’s power. Galileo was a great scientist who developed the theory that the earth was not the center of the universe and that the earth revolved around the sun. This idea was a dramatic change from what was believed and accepted then. This idea was also contradictory from the common rule of the church. Galileo was punished for trying to publish his ideas. The church felt that Galileo was threatening their power because he was going against the Bible. The Bible says, “The sun stopped in midheaven, and did not hurry to set for about a whole day.” If taken literally this statement could mean that on a regular basis the sun is moving around the earth. The church felt that if something could not be seen by the naked eye then it was considered the work of the devil. They also felt that the Bible was the truth and should be followed exactly. Galileo and other scientists after him, felt that the truth could be observed and that if it could be proven then it was true. The church at this time had total power and forced Galileo to repent. This temporarily stopped the scientific revolution because “Galileo was science.” As the scientific revolution progressed, other great men such as Nicolas Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, and Tycho Brahe began studying planets and stars and making observations. Once these men and others began studying and repeating each other’s work, some people switched from faith to fact. “The theological, the ethical and the practical are so conjoined in the Bible with the statements about Nature or creation that it is impossible to separate them, and to impugn one is to impugn the other” (Why Harmonize the Bible and Astronomy, 2). Nicolas Copernicus concluded through his work that planets revolved around the sun and spin on their axes. Johannes Kepler concluded that every planet follows an oval path around the sun and a period is the time it takes for a planet to complete one trip around the sun. Tycho Brahe is known for accurately placing the stars. He was also the first person to record the appearance of a super nova. By the time these discoveries were spread to the public, people were ready for a change. The church had lost much of its support and was no longer able to prevent the growth of science and technology. The Scientific Revolution changed peoples’ views about truth. Furthermore, what was once “believing is seeing has now become seeing is believing” (Calder). Believing is seeing can be interpreted by saying that once a person has the spirit of Christ within them they can see, believe, and understand why things have happened in the past. For example, you can become better, not bitter when something bad happens because you realize that God is working in your life. In science seeing is believing. One must do it over and over and see what happens in order to believe that it is true. When the church was in control, truth was the Bible. When the church began losing its power, science began to grow, and truth became defined as whatever can be seen, observed, documented, and repeated by others. Furthermore, the individual would have to choose for himself what truth was and how he should practice it. The individual also would have to decide whether they were going to accept and adapt to all the new technology that was being developed. Furthermore, the scientific revolution and the discoveries of new ideas eventually led people to disperse from God and the Catholic faith. “This revolution was primarily an epistemological revolution-it changed man’s thought process” (historyguide.org). There grew two different sides. People had to choose what they were going to base their truth on-faith or proven, testable facts. This division caused the church to lose some of its power. No longer was everyone devoted to the church. People had more choices and who do believe and what to do with that knowledge.

During the 15th century, the Age of Reason occurred. Louis XIV, the first monarch, realized that the middle class was important to him. They provided him with incoming money, knowledge because they were adroit, and they kept written records which would help keep the country stable and fair. The middle class also traveled and traded for a living and because they traveled all throughout the nation-states they united and exchanged ideas. Trade and the middle class always kept a supply of money coming into the country. The monarch helped unite the country by enforcing the same laws throughout the land. For example, there was the same tax throughout the country. This helped trade and travel because the bourgeoisie could travel to different towns without having to change prices, or pay different amounts of taxes to the local landlord because the laws were different. Overall, the monarch or “the one and only” also led to the idea of the nation-state which unified people and increased productivity. Furthermore, the monarch and the idea of a nation-state changed the hierarchy of the social class which led to many new ideas and traditions. Previously it was the clergy and the nobles who had the most power, followed by the middle class or artisans, and finally the serfs or the poor people. As time progressed the nobles surpassed the clergy in importance and in rank. This change in the hierarchical class changed the power of the individual in a religious position. Previously the pope and other religious leaders were wealthy, and had the power to excommunicate an individual. People paid their tithe and obeyed all the rules so they would not be excommunicated. This power also kept many commoners from revolting and it secured the pope’s power. People grew more concerned with money and expenses and although they wanted God’s favor, they also wanted money and power. During this time the government and the nobles were concerned about their power and how they were going to grow in riches. The church had also lost its power on the people. The monarch now had total power. The nobles were living for money and power and not to please and seek forgiveness from God. In addition, people had also strayed from a “Godly” government. Two men had very different beliefs and ideas about the way the government should be ran. They were Thomas Hobbs and John Locke. Hobbs’ viewpoint on government was that “a contract exists between the king and the people; but once the king becomes king, he cannot be overthrown and obtains absolute power. Locke’s viewpoint is that the government is conditional and can be overthrown if it does not represent the people” (Locke and Hobbs, 3). These two viewpoints show how the morals and values of the ages have changed. No longer did people seek the Lord for wisdom and control. Humans tried to create an efficient government by their own power without God.

Deism flourished during the Age of Enlightenment. This religion stated that all humans could advance without God and interpret beliefs and ideas the way people wanted to. Deism was a belief in which people believed in a “God without ritual who is passive after the point of creation.” People strayed from the teachings of the Bible and began learning and studying creation. This belief was different than that of many other churches. When people split from the Catholic Church they still believed in the Bible and tried to live by it. The Deism belief took the Bible out of the faith, which eventually led to beliefs outside of the Christian faith. People created other gods and scientific theories to try to explain the creation of the earth (example: the cult of reason).

The Industrial Revolution was a time for many great inventions; some such as eyeglasses are still used today. During this time humanism was “in full swing” because so many new inventions were being created and people were (by themselves) trying to improve their atmosphere. The Catholic religion thought that work was a divine punishment for mankind’s sin and that men should not try to make it easier by inventing gun powder, the water wheel and other inventions. Islam and China had potential to compete and surpass Europe in technology and power. Islam wanted a theocracy so they banned invention (heresy). Furthermore, this time period was when the British economy surpassed the rest of Western Europe. Britain had the best minds and improved technology constantly. Britain based all their decisions on economics rather then religion. Money was more important than religion. People were living for themselves and trying to excel on this earth instead of worrying about their eternal salvation.

During the French Revolution, a man named Maximillien Robespierre took power. He and 11 others became known as the Committee of Public Safety and the rulers of France and decided who would live and who would die. The authority figures took life and death into their hands. Earlier, God was the only one to decide who lived and who died. Now, men relied on themselves to bring rule and decide who should die and who should live. Men became ambition and friendships were destroys, families died, and others betrayed. There was no one to lead on for support, and everyone lived in fear of one another. Furthermore, the men wanted a government based on reason. Robespierre said that the church was on the side of the incapable monarch. So he got rid of the church and created the cult of the supreme being of reason. This cult was based on Deism as a substitute for the masses after the church was eliminated. The humanistic viewpoint of reason caused a disruption in Frances’ government.

Throughout time, people have seen how religion has changed greatly over the years and how that idea has influenced the people around it. The impact of religion on society has decreased. People are so concerned with their wealth and power here on Earth that they are not thinking about their eternity. During the Renaissance, the church had great power; people were helping others and were very concerned with their eternal future. Based on the past, the church and religion have been competing with science and technology. During the French Revolution a single man, Maximillien Robespierre, had the power to control who lived and who died. In the future there will be a tyrant who will seek to kill God’s followers. In the future Christians will have to live and share their religion in secret. If they share it openly they will be slaughtered by the tyrant’s guards. Science and technology will continue to grow. The internet and the reliance of the United States on technology will cause great destruction and hard times for them. Everyone will depend on technology for our food, knowledge, health care, etc. Microchips and other locaters will be placed in the human bodies so the government can control people. Scientists will try to explain the origin of life other than believing Genesis 1:1 which states that God created the heavens and the earth.

During the early 1500’s people’s belief in Jesus as an authority figure greatly impacted the way people thought and behaved. Not only did the view of Jesus change but the way religion was practiced changed greatly in the reformation era. During the scientific Revolution discoveries, technology, and the work of Galileo led to the contradicting of the Catholic Church’s authority and power. People have strayed away from the church, some practice no religion and because of this our society has changed. “Manners are flouted and customs broken. Foul language and direct insults become normal. Angry debates multiply about things long since settled” (The New Life, pg 4). Religion has changed societies and has been changed from the way people choose to live their lives.